Parathyroid Surgery
Primary hyperparathyroidism is most often caused by a single parathyroid adenoma. Surgery cures the disease in the great majority of patients.
When imaging localises a single adenoma, minimally invasive (focused) parathyroidectomy is offered. When localisation is unclear or disease is multiglandular, bilateral exploration is performed.
Confirming the Diagnosis
Persistently high calcium with high or inappropriately normal PTH, after excluding other causes, is the basis. Bone density and 24-hour urine calcium often complete the assessment.
Localisation Studies
Neck ultrasound and a sestamibi scan are the usual localisation tools. 4D-CT is added in selected cases.
Symptoms
- Fatigue, low mood
- Bone pain, reduced bone density
- Kidney stones
- Recurrent peptic complaints
- Polyuria, polydipsia
Diagnosis and Assessment
- Calcium, PTH, vitamin D
- 24-hour urine calcium
- Neck ultrasound
- Sestamibi scan
- Bone density (DEXA)
Treatment Options
- Targeted (minimally invasive) parathyroidectomy
- Bilateral neck exploration when needed
- Intraoperative PTH monitoring in selected cases
When Is Surgery Considered?
- Symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism
- Significant hypercalcaemia
- Kidney stones or reduced bone density
- Young patients with biochemical disease
Surgical Methods
- Focused parathyroidectomy for a localised single adenoma
- Bilateral exploration when localisation is unclear or disease is multiglandular
Preoperative Preparation
- Vitamin D optimisation
- Imaging review
- Anaesthesia consult
Postoperative Follow-up
- Calcium and vitamin D for a short period
- Repeat calcium and PTH at follow-up
- Wound care
Risks and Safe Surgery
- Voice change (uncommon)
- Persistent or recurrent disease
- Bleeding
- Wound infection
Process in Antalya
Calcium, PTH and imaging are reviewed together; if localisation is clear, focused surgery is planned, otherwise bilateral exploration is offered.
When to Seek Urgent Care
- • Severe muscle cramps and numbness (low calcium)
- • Acute neck swelling
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Pages
Share Your Reports for Initial Guidance
Hello, I would like to request a pre-evaluation for thyroid/goiter/thyroid nodule. I can share my ultrasound, biopsy and blood test results.
This information is provided for general patient education only and does not replace diagnosis, treatment or a surgical decision. Personal evaluation requires a clinical examination and the necessary tests.
Last updated: 27 June 2026 · Medical content review: Op.Dr.Gökhan ATEŞ
Thyroid & Goiter Surgery Antalya · Özel Antalya Medicalpark Hospital